Research Process

Research is aprocess of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue". It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question.

STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
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Step One: Define research problem
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Step Two: Review of literature
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Step Three: Formulate hypotheses
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Step Four: Preparing the research design
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Step Five: Data collection
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Step Six: Data analysis
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Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing


Step One: Define Research Problem
There are two types of research problem, viz., those
 relate to states of nature
 relationship between variables.
Essentially  two steps  are  involved  in  define  research problem, viz.,
 understanding the problem thoroughly and
 rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point of view.

Step Two: Review of Literature

 Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a 

research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a synopsis of topic and submit it to 

necessary committee or the research board for approval.

Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis

 Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or  

empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in 

hand because it has to be tested.

The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to 

keep him on the

right track.

Step Four: Preparing the Research Design



The function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal 

expenditure of effort, time and money.



Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, viz., (1) Exploration, (2) Description,(3) 

Diagnosis, and (4) Experimentation.

Step Five: Data Collection

 Primary data can be collected through: By Observation

Through personal interview Through telephone interview By mailing of questionnaries

Through Schedules

Step Six: Data Analysis

The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such as establishment of 

categories.

This stage mainly include :

1.    Coding

2.   Editing

3.   Tabulation

Step Seven: Interpretation and Report Writing

Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him.

Writing of report includes:

1.    the preliminary pages;

2.   the main text, and

3.    the end matter.